Focus Paper on Grand Conversations Essay

Grand conversations are effective instruments of instructional design and learning, which may be easily integrated into any type of curriculum content. Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn is an excellent example of the book that can be used in elementary school grand conversations. To make grand conversations even more effective and interactive, they may also be combined with shared reading. In grand conversations, elementary school learners develop necessary interactions, which lead them to developing extensive reading and comprehension skills. Focus Paper on Grand Conversations Introduction Grand conversations are effective instruments of instructional design and learning, which may be easily integrated into any type of curriculum content. Grand conversations are particularly important for the development of communicative skills in learners. The use of grand conversations is integrally linked to student-centered approaches, providing students with additional opportunities to speak, express their thoughts and opinions, and study the most problematic curriculum topics in depth. In elementary classroom, grand conversations may be used as the means for studying literary texts and developing extensive connections between literature themes and student realities. Elementary school teachers pay special attention to the development of literacy and communicative skills in young learners. By linking reading to discussion and exploration, education specialists are trying to develop more effective approaches that would motivate young learners to read, and communicate their views in classroom. â€Å"Grand conversations are discussions held by the entire class community. What makes grand conversations different from other forms of whole group activities is that the teacher does not direct grand conversations† (Buis, 2004). Thus, the teacher’s task is to choose the content which is the most appropriate for classroom discussion, and to set the tone of the group conversation, which will further be directed by learners and will help them investigate the plot, the theme, the characters, and the setting of the original text in more detail. Unfortunately, teachers tend to use more traditional standardized strategies in text analysis; a short-lived conversation is a widely acceptable teaching technique that may save time during the lesson but does not improve student knowledge in class. However, it is not enough for a teacher to understand the importance of grand conversations in class; it is essential that elementary school teachers develop effective and multifaceted approaches, to give students an opportunity for practicing their communicational skills. As teachers, we cannot guarantee that our small students will be able to understand all literary implications of particular texts. That is why it is important to develop meaningful chains that would help learners understand the content, the context, and the idea of a literary work. The book to be discussed should be written in simple language and should be close to what children feel, see, and do in their daily lives. â€Å"The book should be enjoyable, of superior literary quality, engage student interests, allow for good discussions and invite students to revisit them over and over again† (Buis, 2004). Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn is an excellent example of the book that can be used in elementary school grand conversations. To make grand conversations even more effective and interactive, they may also be combined with shared reading of the most interesting passages. A sample grand conversation may start with a simple question: â€Å"Do you think that Huckleberry Finn could live in our society? † This question may further be extended to discussing the similarities between Huckleberry Finn’s realities (clothes, behaviors, thoughts), and those of contemporary learners. It is expected that students’ answers will not be limited to â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no†, but will encourage other students to express their thoughts and develop reliable connections between their personal experiences and those of a literary character. Children will be free to discuss their best impressions, feelings, or their favorite clothes. It is expected that by the end of the discussion session, children will be able to determine, what makes Huckleberry Finn different from them. Choosing a picture book would also facilitate the discussion and drive learners’ imagination, giving elementary students a special feeling of â€Å"reading joy† (Buis, 2004). As teachers, we should also be prepared to the situation when learners’ experiences and opinions differ and are even be opposite to each other; as a result, we will need to use available instruments for turning this opposition into the subject of a detailed discussion. Grand conversations will further engage all learners into a risk-free environment, and expose them to the world of classic literature through the prism of their most pleasant life experiences. It should be noted that â€Å"participation in a discourse community is crucial for the cultivation of deeper levels of vocabulary knowledge. Language learning is fuelled by students’ curiosity and their desire to connect and communicate with others† (Buis, 2004). For grand conversations to be effective, it is important that the teacher does not limit the discussion to one single interpretation of the book. Children should be encouraged to express their ideas about the plot, the meaning, and the importance of particular passages. Although grand conversations are not directed by the teacher, some scaffolding may be appropriate to motivate and encourage young learners. Traditionally, students are not involved into active group discussions in class; they are used to the situation where teacher carries the main load of talking. As a result, students may be prevented from supporting conversation at deep levels. Several grand conversations will be required to ensure that students have fully understood the meaning of Twain’s text and that they are able to formulate their thoughts as applied to the context, structure, and the meaning of the plot. Every new text distracts students from digging deeper into particular literary elements, but attracts their attention to new events within the story; that is why several literary conversations will help young learners concentrate on particular meaningful elements that will gradually lead them to understanding the real or virtual place of Huckleberry Finn in his and in our time. Conclusion Grand conversations reveal the new facets of elementary students’ communicative skills and abilities. This type of instructional methodology helps revisiting the most interesting literary texts and exploring them through the prism of learners’ personal experiences. In grand conversations, elementary school learners develop necessary interactions, which lead them to developing extensive reading and comprehension skills and provide them with unlimited opportunities for sharing their comments and offering new ideas in classroom-wide discussions. References Buis, K. (2004). Making words stick: strategies that build vocabulary and reading comprehension in the elementary grades. Pembroke Publishers Limited.

The Host Chapter 56: Welded

Ian glared down at the three of us with such fury that Sunny shivered in terror. It was an odd thing-as if Kyle and Ian had switched faces. Except Ian's face was still perfect, unbroken. Beautiful, even though it was enraged. â€Å"Ian?† Kyle asked, bewildered. â€Å"What's the problem?† Ian spoke from between his locked teeth. â€Å"Wanda,† he growled, and held his hand out. It looked as if he was having a hard time keeping that hand open, not clenching it into a fist. Uh-oh, Mel thought. Misery swept through me. I didn't want to say goodbye to Ian, and now I would have to. Of course I had to. I would be wrong to sneak out in the night like a thief and leave all my goodbyes to Melanie. Ian, tired of waiting, grabbed my arm and hauled me up from the floor. When Sunny seemed like she was coming along, too, still joined to my side, Ian shook me until she fell off. â€Å"What is with you?† Kyle demanded. Ian hauled his knee back and smashed his foot hard into Kyle's face. â€Å"Ian!† I protested. Sunny threw herself in front of Kyle-who was holding his hand to his nose and struggling to get to his feet-and tried to shield him with her tiny body. This knocked him off balance, back to the floor, and he groaned. â€Å"C'mon,† Ian snarled, dragging me away from them without a backward glance. â€Å"Ian -â€Å" He wrenched me roughly along, making it impossible for me to speak. That was fine. I had no idea what to say. I saw everyone's startled face flash by in a blur. I was worried he was going to upset the unnamed woman. She wasn't used to anger and violence. And then we jerked to a stop. Jared was blocking the exit. â€Å"Have you lost your mind, Ian?† he asked, shocked and outraged. â€Å"What are you doing to her?† â€Å"Did you know about this?† Ian shouted back, shoving me toward Jared and shaking me at him. Behind us, a whimper. He was scaring them. â€Å"You're going to hurt her!† â€Å"Do you know what she's planning?† Ian roared. Jared stared at Ian, his face suddenly closed off. He didn't answer. That was answer enough for Ian. Ian's fist struck Jared so fast that I missed the blow-I just felt the lurch in his body and saw Jared reel back into the dark hall. â€Å"Ian, stop,† I begged. â€Å"You stop,† he growled back at me. He yanked me through the arch into the tunnel, then pulled me north. I had to almost run to keep up with his longer stride. â€Å"O'Shea!† Jared shouted after us. â€Å"I'm going to hurt her?† Ian roared back over his shoulder, not breaking pace. â€Å"I am? You hypocritical swine!† There was nothing but silence and blackness behind us now. I stumbled in the dark, trying to keep up. It was then that I began to feel the throbbing from Ian's grip. His hand was tight as a tourniquet around my upper arm, his long fingers making the circle easily and then overlapping. My hand was going numb. He jerked me along faster, and my breath caught in a moan, almost a cry of pain. The sound made Ian stumble to a stop. His breathing was hoarse in the darkness. â€Å"Ian, Ian, I†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I choked, unable to finish. I didn't know what to say, picturing his furious face. His arms caught me up abruptly, yanking my feet out from under me and then catching my shoulders before I could fall. He started running forward again, carrying me now. His hands were not rough and angry like before; he cradled me against his chest. He ran right through the big plaza, ignoring the surprised and even suspicious faces. There was too much that was unfamiliar and uncomfortable going on in the caves right now. The humans here-Violetta, Geoffrey, Andy, Paige, Aaron, Brandt, and more I couldn't see well as we jolted past-were skittish. It disturbed them to see Ian running headlong through them, face twisted with rage, with me in his arms. And then they were behind us. He didn't pause until we reached the doors leaning against his and Kyle's room. He kicked the red one out of the way-it hit the stone floor with an echoing boom-and dropped me onto the mattress on the floor. Ian stood above me, his chest heaving with exertion and fury. For a second he turned away and put the door back in place with one swift wrench. And then he was glowering again. I took a deep breath and rolled up onto my knees, holding my hands out, palms up, wishing that some magic would appear in them. Something I could give him, something I could say. But my hands were empty. â€Å"You. Are. Not. Leaving. Me.† His eyes blazed-burning brighter than I had ever seen them, blue flames. â€Å"Ian,† I whispered. â€Å"You have to see that†¦ that I can't stay. You must see that.† â€Å"No!† he shouted at me. I cringed back, and, abruptly, Ian crumpled forward, falling to his knees, falling into me. He buried his head in my stomach, and his arms locked around my waist. He was shaking, shaking hard, and loud, desperate sobs were breaking out of his chest. â€Å"No, Ian, no,† I begged. This was so much worse than his anger. â€Å"Don't, please. Please, don't.† â€Å"Wanda,† he moaned. â€Å"Ian, please. Don't feel this way. Don't. I'm so sorry. Please.† I was crying, too, shaking, too, though that might have been him shaking me. â€Å"You can't leave.† â€Å"I have to, I have to,† I sobbed. And then we cried wordlessly for a long time. His tears dried before mine. Eventually, he straightened up and pulled me into his arms again. He waited until I was able to speak. â€Å"Sorry,† he whispered. â€Å"I was mean.† â€Å"No, no. I'm sorry. I should have told you, when you didn't guess. I just†¦ I couldn't. I didn't want to tell you-to hurt you-to hurt me. It was selfish.† â€Å"We need to talk about this, Wanda. It's not a done deal. It can't be.† â€Å"It is.† He shook his head, clenching his teeth. â€Å"How long? How long have you been planning this?† â€Å"Since the Seeker,† I whispered. He nodded, seeming to expect this answer. â€Å"And you thought that you had to give up your secret to save her. I can understand that. But that doesn't mean you have to go anywhere. Just because Doc knows now†¦ that doesn't mean anything. If I'd thought for one minute that it did, that one action equaled the other, I wouldn't have stood there and let you show him. No one is going to force you to lie down on his blasted gurney! I'll break his hands if he tries to touch you!† â€Å"Ian, please.† â€Å"They can't make you, Wanda! Do you hear me?† He was shouting again. â€Å"No one is making me. I didn't show Doc how to do the separation so that I could save the Seeker,† I whispered. â€Å"The Seeker's being here just made me have to decide†¦ faster. I did it to save Mel, Ian.† His nostrils flared, and he said nothing. â€Å"She's trapped in here, Ian. It's like a prison-worse than that; I can't even describe it. She's like a ghost. And I can free her. I can give her herself back.† â€Å"You deserve a life, too, Wanda. You deserve to stay.† â€Å"But I love her, Ian.† He closed his eyes, and his pale lips went dead white. â€Å"But I love you,† he whispered. â€Å"Doesn't that matter?† â€Å"Of course it matters. So much. Can't you see? That only makes it more†¦ necessary.† His eyes flashed open. â€Å"Is it so unbearable to have me love you? Is that it? I can keep my mouth shut, Wanda. I won't say it again. You can be with Jared, if that's what you want. Just stay.† â€Å"No, Ian!† I took his face between my hands-his skin felt hard, strained tight over the bones. â€Å"No. I-I love you, too. Me, the little silver worm in the back of her head. But my body doesn't love you. It can't love you. I can never love you in this body, Ian. It pulls me in two. It's unbearable.† I could have borne it. But watching him suffer because of my body's limitations? Not that. He closed his eyes again. His thick black lashes were wet with tears. I could see them glisten. Oh, go ahead, Mel sighed. Do whatever you need to. I'll†¦ step into the other room, she added dryly. Thanks. I wrapped my arms around his neck and pulled myself closer to him until my lips touched his. He curled his arms around me, pulling me tighter against his chest. Our lips moved together, fusing as if they would never divide, as if separation was not the inevitable thing it was, and I could taste the salt of our tears. His and mine. Something began to change. When Melanie's body touched Jared's body, it was like a wildfire-a fast burn that raced across the surface of the desert and consumed everything in its path. With Ian it was different, so very different, because Melanie didn't love him the way I did. So when he touched me, it was deeper and slower than the wildfire, like the flow of molten rock far beneath the surface of the earth. Too deep to feel the heat of it, but it moved inexorably, changing the very foundations of the world with its advance. My unwilling body was a fog between us-a thick curtain, but gauzy enough that I could see through it, could see what was happening. It changed me, not her. It was almost a metallurgical process deep inside the core of who I was, something that had already begun, was already nearly forged. But this long, unbroken kiss finished it, searing and sharp edged-it shoved this new creation, all hissing, into the cold water that made it hard and final. Unbreakable. And I started to cry again, realizing that it must be changing him, too, this man who was kind enough to be a soul but strong as only a human could be. He moved his lips to my eyes, but it was too late. It was done. â€Å"Don't cry, Wanda. Don't cry. You're staying with me.† â€Å"Eight full lives,† I whispered against his jaw, my voice breaking. â€Å"Eight full lives and I never found anyone I would stay on a planet for, anyone I would follow when they left. I never found a partner. Why now? Why you? You're not of my species. How can you be my partner?† â€Å"It's a strange universe,† he murmured. â€Å"It's not fair,† I complained, echoing Sunny's words. It wasn't fair. How could I find this, find love-now, in this eleventh hour-and have to leave it? Was it fair that my soul and body couldn't reconcile? Was it fair that I had to love Melanie, too? Was it fair that Ian would suffer? He deserved happiness if anyone did. It wasn't fair or right or even†¦ sane. How could I do this to him? â€Å"I love you,† I whispered. â€Å"Don't say that like you're saying goodbye.† But I had to. â€Å"I, the soul called Wanderer, love you, human Ian. And that will never change, no matter what I might become.† I worded it carefully, so that there would be no lie in my voice. â€Å"If I were a Dolphin or a Bear or a Flower, it wouldn't matter. I would always love you, always remember you. You will be my only partner.† His arms stiffened, then constricted tighter around me, and I could feel the anger in them again. It was hard to breathe. â€Å"You're not wandering off anywhere. You're staying here.† â€Å"Ian -â€Å" But his voice was brusque now-angry, but also businesslike. â€Å"This isn't just for me. You're a part of this community, and you aren't getting kicked out without discussion. You are far too important to us all-even to the ones who would never admit it. We need you.† â€Å"No one's kicking me out, Ian.† â€Å"No. Not even you yourself, Wanderer.† He kissed me again, his mouth rougher with the return of the anger. His hand curled into a fist around my hair, and he pulled my face an inch away from his. â€Å"Good or bad?† he demanded. â€Å"Good.† â€Å"That's what I thought.† And his voice was a growl. He kissed me again. His arms were so tight around my ribs, his mouth so fierce against mine, that I was soon dizzy and gasping for air. He loosened his arms a little then and let his lips slide to my ear. â€Å"Let's go.† â€Å"Where? Where are we going?† I wasn't going anywhere, I knew that. And yet how my heart pounded when I thought of going away, somewhere, anywhere, with Ian. My Ian. He was mine, the way Jared never would be. The way this body could never be his. â€Å"Don't give me any trouble about this, Wanderer. I'm half out of my mind.† He pulled us both to our feet. â€Å"Where?† I insisted. â€Å"You're going down the eastern tunnel, past the field, to the end.† â€Å"The game room?† â€Å"Yes. And then you are going to wait there until I get the rest of them.† â€Å"Why?† His words sounded crazy to me. Did he want to play a game? To ease the tension again? â€Å"Because this will be discussed. I'm calling a tribunal, Wanderer, and you are going to abide by our decision.†

Tv Channels Project India in a Bad Light

TV Channels project India in a bad light Recently the rise of consumerism and a spurt in the number of satellites in the vicinity of our planet have led to rise in the number of TV Channels as well as their viewers across the country. We have specialized channels that cater to the different categories of human taste viz entertainment, music, news,sports,etc. The wider availability of channels helps the viewer to opt among them as per his or her choice. The news channels which are clubbed together in a word ‘media’ is one of the pillars of democracy. It is the moral duty of these news channels to bring the truth in front of the masses.Talking about our country,a nation which is second largest in the world in the terms of population and the largest effective electorate is truly an exemplar of democracy. Like any other nation,it is also laden with issues-both domestic as well as of international concerns. These news channels bear the social responsibility of imparting the n ews, the happenings,the incidents or accidents which should be nothing but the truth. Also the RTI Act empowers any common Indian citizen to go to the depths of affairs and have access to information povide its disclosure does not pose a grave threat to the security and integrity of the nation.The ‘truer’ picture sometimes become harsh and pretty inconvenient to be comestible but scandals and other activities of corruption need to be brought to general awareness. And, it is not only the darker side of affairs, it is also about the achievements and the milestones the country makes in the various spheres-sports, science, humanities,etc. We have several programmes on the national television that are oriented towards the cultural and economic welfare-be it related to the promotion of agriculture,tourism,industry,services,etc.Besides there are programmmes which highlight the nations prosperity, its geographical and cultural diversity and also encourage communal harmony. The consumer oriented channels which basically thrive on the TRP ratings,drama and screenplay is of prime concern to them which helps in a maintaining a certain class of audience bound to it. The audience is engrossed as the way the theme is displayed has a glamour, a pomp and show associated with it. For this, they may exaggerate certain situations or circumstances.Nonetheless,they impart a social message under the rosy spicy recipe of drama-be it child marriage,female foeticide,’honour’ killings,terrorism, etc. And, when a guy from the lower strata of society manages to win 5 crores in a game show by the dint of his knowledge and labour besides a grace of fortune,it clearly sends a strong signal to the society about the reachability of the capital to the masses. Last but not the least,the image of the news channels and the media might have been tainted over the issue of ‘paid’ news and the dubious string operations but their importance cannot be undermined a s a source of public information.There are reality shows which do not miss a opportunity to jeer at the widespread corruption but yes, one needs to appreciate them for their creativity for the ways they adopt to entertain people. It was an eminent personality of Bollywood who blogged regarding a movie getting Oscars with an acerbic response that the jury gets a kind of emotional satisfaction watching the widespread Indian poverty and the slums which the director of the movie has encashed upon. If that be the bitter truth, so be it.There are movies which highlight the unity , the cultural diversity , the celebrations in our country. It would be too early to conclude that TV Channels project our nation in a bad light. Frankly speaking, a sugar coated truth is the better word. Allowing mobile phones in class make students less serious in studies The world is getting smaller and we are living in the era of a ‘global village’ where communication and the exchange of ideas hap pens within the wink of an eye. Information is the key and the power,truly. And, there are several tools and gadgets that facilitate this flow of information.From print media to digital and electonic media, which are primarily used as means of mass communication, we have telephones and mobile phones which are important means of personal communication. Moreover, the recent splurge in the usage of gizmos and gazettes among the generation Y and the youngsters has becomea fad and a status symbol rather than a necessity and mobiles are no exception to it. Their use is not confined to a mere tete-a tete but incorporates several varied applications which diversifies their usage.And a modern day youngster would not be satisfied with a simple Nokia 3600 or1100. He or she would go for the more sophisticated or sleek designs provide there is no hole in the pocket created. Now, coming to the usage of mobile phones inside a class, there are norms which are both discipilnary and moral and make su fficient common sense,whch direct both the teacher/professor and the students who are partcipating in a lecture to put off their cells or keep them in such a mode which aviodsunnecessary distraction.But even the norms which are rarely followed in totto, and even when followed put a cap or restriction to their use as they are intended to. Ina large gatheing being addressed and lectured to,where it becomes increasingly difficult to keep track of each and every student, there are hubs created inside the class where students fail to get engrossed in the monotonous lectures and find their own ways to do away with the time to which cellphones prove to be a great aid.It may include sharing information regarding the latest cell that the neighbour has recently bought, or texting to the pal sitting at the other corner regarding the shabby outlook of the professor,to playing games like snakes,tetris or other advanced versions to listening to songs and watching videos(of all kinds) on the tiny screen. The world of SMSes ahs virtually made the students handicapped of writing anything sincerely as they still cannot help writing those abbreviations of informal chat even when they are writing an answer to aquestion which clearly indicates to their frivolous attitude.Adding to the worse of it,these students would just take a snapshot of te notes of a sincere and laborious classmate thinking that it would suffice and save my time and labour getting ‘wasted’. One may put forth the argument that even during the non mobile days there were always a section of students who were a source of nuisance and distraction by their activities . But the inadvertent entry of mobiles inside the classes provide innumerable creative ways to bolster their activities.A serious student who is trying his/her best to concentrate and attend the lecture would surely look askance at the slim mobile phone his pals are discussingabout for long. Now this seriously puts forward 2 very primary qu estions;first,why the pattern of education becomes so dread ful and tedious which call s for the students to distract and second, why cant we cater to the students interests and inclinations so that they are provided room to choose the lecture they want to attend?Mobile phones are just the present and a lame excuse for ignorance,we need to find the root cause and address it prooperly rather than to contemplate over its complete ban or usage. However, a partial ban like prohibiting its use during the class hours and allowing only after it, seems a temporary but an effective solution as per the need of the hour.

Competitors analysis and 4p analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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Content analysis - Essay Example Net energy output comprised ethanol and co- product energy credit less energy inputs. Analysis was conducted on the life trends of corn ethanol systems leading to mainstream of United States power to approximate greenhouse gas release and energy efficiencies on the foundation of restructured standards for crop managing and output, biorefinery process, and co-product consumption. Direct consequence greenhouse gas release was projected to reduce as compared to gasoline. A graph of Biorefinery thermal energy efficiency in corn production against previous tears estimates were compared. Another graph of new energy yield against greenhouse gas emissions indicated a reduction of corn-ethanol systems. Charts to show regional variability in the corn ethanol system performance were used. Greenhouse gas reductions expected in this research permit a greater buffer for addition of circumlocutory effect land utilization and adjustment emissions whereas still attaining regulatory greenhouse gas reduction targets. These results corn-ethanol suggests that systems have substantially greater potential to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, as well as reduction of overdependence on imported petroleum for transportation fuels. An advanced closed-loop biorefinery with anaerobic digestion abridged greenhouse gas release and improved the net energy ratio. The research found that instead of being controlled by the customary models to measuring intangibles, through modern greenhouse gas coverage frameworks, a better open method is established which would advance the suitability and apply the worth of use and gas renewal

Cooperation is more important than competition Essay

Cooperation is more important than competition - Essay Example In cooperation, there is the collective role of achieving a goal for the benefit of everyone. Competition in businesses leads to the production of better products and services; however, it may lead to the collapse of one business, leaving the other one in the market. In personal development, cooperation is more preferable. It results in better individuals and better society as a whole. Teamwork is the major bearer of cooperation, in which the productivity of each individual is enhanced. The society today embraces competition, which is problematic, instead of embracing cooperation for positive individual and societal growth. Social conditioning is to blame for high competition in the world today. Schools teach students to compete academically, while in the business world, promotions and salary increments are offered on merit of improvements on performances, which is based on ranks. Big businesses, learning institutions, health care institutions, as well as parents still perpetuate the competition element, disregarding cooperation. None of them realizes the adverse effects competition has on the economy, as well as personal development of individuals. It is quite unfortunate that people are not taught cooperative skills at an early age. This has fostered a culture of competition in the society today. ... Besides, cooperation involves making other people better. This is because while cooperating, talented individuals uplift the less talented individuals. Cooperation in itself is fulfilling and therefore, individuals must adopt it. The skills of cooperation should be imparted in individuals when they are still in their early ages. This way, children grow up into adults who value and embrace cooperation. The process of life is all about relationships and interactions between different people. No man is an island, and therefore, each individual is guaranteed of these interactions. An individual’s life journey starting at their home, school, and workplace is about meeting people and living with them. A student cannot study on their own, an employee too cannot work alone, and neither can a person engage in leisure activities alone. Therefore, if individuals lack cooperation, they will live miserable lives, since they cannot harmoniously co-exist with others. Skills of cooperation mu st be inherent in people in order for them to face different situations life presents to them. Cooperation leads to development of the society. In cooperation, one plus one is larger than two, while in competition, it is a zero-sum game, where one wins, and another loses. A case in point is, if two companies are in a competition, one will definitely lose and maybe fall out of business, while the other remains stronger in the market. If this trend is popular in a country, the number of companies may drop, thus adversely affecting the country’s economy. On the other hand, if two companies decide to cooperate, this results in equal growth of the companies, as they will share improvement ideas. Alternatively, they may merge and form a bigger, stronger company.

Aviva Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Aviva Case study - Essay Example t model proposed by Kurt Lewin can be considered as an important change management model that can help an organisation to address problems and challenges in its decision to adopting and implementing change in business operation process. This three phase change management model consists of three stages, such as unfreeze, movement and refreeze (Neelin, 2010, p.91). These three steps have been discussed with respect to the case study of Aviva. The management of Aviva should try to adopt and implement this change management process before implementation of the newly developed strategy of job cutting across its global business operation. Unfreeze is the first and more important stage of this change management model. It is clear from the news that the management of Aviva has decided to job-cutting across globe in order to reduce the overall business operation cost. This sudden decision and implementation of this decision can affect the business process of the organization as it can demoralise several effective employees to perform effectively. Most importantly, it can create fear among each and every employee that he or she may be axed. Therefore, Unfreezing can be considered as an important stage as in this stage the managers or leaders of the organization as it is their responsibility to inform the sub-ordinates and followers within an organisation to be ready for change. Therefore, it is important for the leaders to notif y the employees of the Aviva about newly decided change process way before implementation of this strategy (Liu, 2011, p.89). Aviva is one of the leading organisations around the globe. Therefore, it is highly important to attract the attention of the global employees regarding this decided change management process so that the management of the organisation can avoid the issues, such as workplace conflicts and inadequate business output (Marcus, 2010, p.12). Movement can be considered as another important step of this model. In this step the

Ranch hand Essay Example for Free

Ranch hand Essay We have all heard the old legends or read the books and even watched the films of historical cowboys. You know, the Clint Eastwood and well do ya feel lucky I understand that ranch hands, like the ones from the famous books by John Steinbeck, are the modern cowboys? Cowboys were not real; they are a certain stereotype. A stereotype is a generalisation of a certain race, culture or creed. For example all this certain race are say, thieves or all this race will dislike any one from this race. A cowboys stereotype is a hero. He upholds the law by bending it and protects the innocent by killing the bad. They are lonely travellers but survive by doing good and by trying to create a better person of himself. A cowboy has a strong will power to endure. They all have dreams but the main factor about them is they seem not to have any feelings. A dream is another term for wants, needs and longings. Every one has dreams, even these cowboy heroes poses dreams. They are constantly in the cold with stone valiant personalities and it is as if they have been hardened by their own countless experiences. If the hero/cowboy does have a sidekick then the sidekicks are mostly juvenile and have not had many experiences. So because of this the sidekick respects the cowboy and looks upon the hero as a father figure. Yet also a friend simultaneously, and they are portrayed as if they were feeble minded. A Ranch hand is an American 1930s typical working man. Ranch hands tend to have dreams; this is what they require to hold on to, to survive. Tell im about the rabbits George. . Also in America, in the time of the early 1930s there was the myth going around of the American Dream. The American dream is an idea, an idea that consists of America, the grate country of opportunities and dreams. This means that if your were to go to the country you would be able to make your dreams come true. This is another case that Stinebeck is tying to argue against. By portraying the harsh realities of the all American dream using his books as his voice to the public. Ranch hands travel alone and if they travel together then they either have an unbreakable companionship. I got you to look after me, an you got me to look after you. or one has decided that he has to dedicate the remainder of his life to look after the other member. Like the pair George and Lennie from John Steinbecks Of mice and men. Life on the ranch was not easy with all the laborious duties for very minute pay. The bosses of the lands became wealthy through the sweat of the labourers (the ranch hands). The living conditions were very poor, sometimes ten to fifteen men sleeping in the same bunkhouse. A bunkhouse was a small shed like chamber filled with bunk beds, as described by John Steinbeck in of mice and men. The bunk-house was a long, rectangular building. Inside, the walls were whitewashed and the floor unpainted. I feel it is important to look at the living conditions of the ranch hands to try to understand what they are like, and accustomed to. I consider that to try to paint a representation of what a person is like you have to look at their possessions. And in these shelves were loaded with little articles, soap and talcum powder, razors and those Western magazines Notice how he describes all of the belongings of the occupant of the bunk, in particular detail. He mentions stuff like soap and razors to the reader; this is to maybe show how the ranch hands are trying their greatest to show the world that they arent just some ranch hand scruffs. To portray that they are real people theyre not just workers and do have a life off the fields. He mentions western magazines ranch men love to read and scoff at and secretly believe. This is a strong element Steinbeck is trying to make. What I consider he is trying to say is how the ranch hands believe and also fantasise about being in the shoes of a western cowboy hero. Maybe he is trying to say how the ranch hands are cowboys, but I will come back to this point later. And there were medicines on the shelves, and little vials, combs; and, from nails on the box sides, a few neckties. See there again, he mentions things like medicines, combs and neckties. This is also trying to say how they try to restrain them selves from deteriorating physically as well as mentally. Also how they at least try to make them selves look respectable and orderly. Also by mentioning minor everyday things to us, they appear important to the ranch hands. To relax the men either played cards with each other or have a night on the town to spend their hard-earned cash or they would go to the brothel. These activities are similar to of which cowboys used to carry out for pleasure. Steinbecks characters fit into the mould of being a cowboy but the most accurate character, which could pass as a cowboy, would have to be slim. The door opened and a tall, stooped-shouldered old man came in. This is when he is first introduced to George, lennie and the reader. He was dressed in blue jeans and carried a big push-broom in his left hand. This is a classic description of a cowboy the blue jeans and the way he stands and also how he carries his broom like it is his gun. You could also say that Slim talks like a cowboy He was sore as hell when you wasnt here to go out this morning. Slim also has a lot of respect from the ranch hands and has a higher statures. I conclude that the hero of the book is Slim even though George and Lennie are the foremost characters. I think this because he is always tends to be around when important things are going on in the book. Also he tends to have had the most hands on experience when it comes down to virtually anything. As I was saying earlier about how the ranch hands enjoyed reading western books and almost believed in them. This is another dream that is exposed by Stinebeck. The ranch hands all dream about the stories wishing they were the cowboys wishing they had nothing to care for, no more hard work and no one would be messing with em as they were cowboys. Steinbeck has invented his own stereo type of the ranch hands in some ways romanticising or glamorising them to show or compare the new age cowboys which were given the Hollywood treatment to be the real cowboys of the present. America has not got a long history so maybe he wanted to show that Americas history is not in the Hollywood cowboys and Indian gun fights, it lies in the American dream and the people itself. It lies in their hard work and bloodshed to make the country what it is now. Not trying to make up a history, but hes asking to look at the one they already have. All of Steinbecks characters fall into the cast of this stereotype but yet are still individual. John created them ideally, otherwise if he didnt create them like this; he would not have been able to make his world seem so genuine and undeniable to life. I feel that Steinbeck was trying to underline a piece of America history, and put though his message to the reader. He did this because he is a socialist writer and believes strongly about equal opportunities. So if people feel that the history of America lies in John Steinbecks books, they might think about the present and try to make changes to the whole system. So there it is the cowboys and ranch hands explained they are both very similar stereotypes, yet they do have their differences. The difference is that ranch hands are the real historical cowboys. But due to the ignorance of the common American the ranch hands want to become more like the Hollywood cowboys. Also theres the fact that the ranch hands in of Mice and Men (George and Lennie) do not achieve their dreams yet cowboy stories always have a good ending. By making this contrast Stinebeck can demonstrate that the American dream is unattainable and a deceiving idea.

Effect of Nuclear Radiation on the Environment

Effect of Nuclear Radiation on the Environment Mohamad Hammoud Introduction By the early 17th century, certain electrical devices and power generators were being invented by certain scientists, who did not yet know that they were scratching the surface to a much more dangerous form of energy, to be discovered by scientist Einstein a few centuries later. This form of energy to be produced through a substance named Uranium was to be introduced as a more efficient power source. However, the process with which this energy was created was to be exploited, which would result in what is known today as â€Å"The Weapons of Mass Destruction.† The use of such form of powerful energy for certain military uses can result in horrific results. A quick study shows that even a minor war would quickly decline the world climate and environment, inflicting harm that could last for decades. Richard Turco, a scientist at the UCLA said that exploding only between 30 and 70 missiles just 0.03% of the entire storage would cause enough pollution to create climatic disasters unseen before in human history. He also said the effects would be much greater than what were talking about withglobal warming and anything thats happened in history with regards volcanic eruptions. Summarily, it can alter and damage not only the atmosphere, but also all forms of life such as humans, animals, and plants. (Jha) The Invention of Nuclear Power and Missiles Problems Encountered During Creation: The invention mainly started to take place during midst 1939, just before the beginning of the second Great War. It all commenced when Albert Einstein and several other scientists wrote to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, informing him of the Nazi’s efforts to cleanse and exploit Uranium-235, which could be used to build a weapon of mass destruction. It was at that moment that FDR decided to begin â€Å"The Manhattan Project†, which was simply to produce a viable nuclear bomb. However, there were many complicated issues to be faced. The most significant of these issues was the inability to extract â€Å"enriched† uranium to maintain a series of reactions. Back then, uranium-235 was extremely difficult to extract, and the ratio of extracted ore to uranium metal was as low as 500:1. Furthermore, over 99% of the refined metal from the ore was uranium-238, which was rendered useless for the invention of an atomic bomb. The two different types of isotopes were nearly identical in their chemical makeup, and only possibly separated by mechanical means. Solution of the Problem and Testing of the new Invention: Soon thereafter, a massive enrichment lab was erected at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Harold Urey and his colleagues came up with an extraction system, which worked on the principles of gas diffusion, while Ernest Lawrence put into action a process which involved magnetic force to separate the two isotopes. A gas centrifuge was then used to separate the lighter uranium-235 from the heavier uranium-238. After this separation, all that was needed was for the scientists to put the concept of atomic fission (which involves splitting the atom) to the test. Overall, approximately two billion dollars were invested into â€Å"The Manhattan Project.† Throughout the entire path, it was a scientist by the name of Robert Oppenheimer who oversaw the progress of the campaign from beginning to end. Finally, the day of testing arrived. It was on July 16, 1945 where it would be found out if the entire project was just a complete dud, or if it would put an end to the massacre. Upon placing the missile in the sea, a massive white blast took place. The light turned red as the power of the explosion shot upwards at 360 feet per second. The explosion resembled the shape of a mushroom. â€Å"The Manhattan Project had been a success.† (Bellis) Effect of Nuclear Radiation on Humans Immediate (Short Term) Effects: Survivors of such a devastating blast will be killed within a few days due to radioactive fall-out. The severity of the fall-out will be determined by whether the nuclear bomb explodes in mid-air, or upon impact with the ground. The first of these will leave a larger blast impact. The latter, however, will throw much higher quantities of radioactive debris into the surrounding atmosphere. The area included in this fall-out is strictly dependent upon the wind speed and its direction. The heavier the particle of radioactive debris, the higher the chance it drops in close vicinity. Smoother and rather smaller particles, however, are thrown over longer distances before their fall. Some of these particles are so fine that they can combine with vaporized water and fall as radioactive rain 1700 miles from the original blast. Anyone who is in the range of this radioactivity will suffer from hair loss, internal bleeding, fever, bleeding from the gums, and terminal coma. Much of these have no effective medicine and are fatal. (Carnegie) Long Term Effects: Genetic studies on the children of nuclear bomb survivors who were exposed to the atmosphere afterwards was conducted by the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission and the Radiation Effects Research Foundation ever since 1948. The analysis of past studies shows signs of abnormal pregnancy outcomes: deformation, stillbirth and early child death. Other effects include chromosome aberrations. Chromosome aberrations can be defined as an extra, irregular, or missing portion of a certain chromosomal DNA. This alteration of chromosomes can cause several inborn diseases due to aneuploidy. An example of such a human disease is Down syndrome, where the affected have three copies of chromosome 21 instead of a natural two. (Nakamura) Effect of Nuclear Bombs on the Climate and Atmosphere General Effects on the Climate: Although there has been a two-thirds decrease in the world’s nuclear arsenal since 1987, scientific research clarifies that the results of even a minor nuclear war can end human history and leave mother earth inhabitable. Studies conducted at several U.S universities predict that the explosion of a tiny amount of the global nuclear storage within large metropolitan areas would cause catastrophic disruptions in the Earth’s climate and massive destruction of out protective ozone layer. Studies conclude that a small or rather regional conflict between two nations such as India and Pakistan would disrupt the climate for decades to come. Details: In a small-scale war, denotation of about 100 Hiroshima-sized bombs – under half a percent of the world’s arsenal- would send over five million tons of soot and smoke over cloud-level. This could prevent almost 10% of the sunlight from reaching the northern hemisphere; this smoke and soot can remain in the atmosphere for a couple of decades. This would cause average surface temperatures beneath this layer to become lower than it has ever been in the last 1000 years. However, if a large-scale war event was to take place, and the United States and U.S.S.R ere to launch their full arsenal, over 150 million tons of smoke would rise above cloud-level. This would block over 75% of sunlight from reaching the northern hemisphere, and 30% of sunlight from reaching the southern hemisphere. Under such extreme and severe conditions, it only requires a few days for the temperatures to drop below freezing levels in agricultural areas. Average surface temperatures would become colder than it has ever been in the past 18,000 years which coincides with the peak of the previous ice age. Rainfall would decrease by 90%, growing seasons would be completely eliminated, and the majority of the human and animal populations would die of starvation.

There Are Many Recent Pieces The Children Act Physical Education Essays

There Are Many Recent Pieces The Children Act Physical Education Essays The Children Act 1989, States that it is the authorities duty to safeguard children and promote their welfare. This is to say that children from all backgrounds that are vulnerable to harm should be protected. Also their general way of life should be shielded from those who threaten to harm or impair it in anyway. To protect the children from such people or events, such as abduction, social workers (sometimes known as child protection officers) have been employed. Their primary goal is to focus on the safeguarding of children and for many years these workers have also provided additional support to families and family members that feel they are vulnerable. CAFCAS along with social work is another agency that is employed in the welfare of children dealing with courts to find solutions to families differences when parents separate. Their goal is to reunite parents with their children and also to provide the children with a better way of life. This is either by shielding them from an ab usive parent or, by helping the single parent gain access to finances to help support the child. Another feature of this legislation is to enable the courts to decide on what is best for the child, if that choice is more beneficial for the child in their current situation. This could in extreme cases involve the removal of the child from their parents and be placed into the care/foster care system; this is always the last resort. CAFCAS along with the clerks of the court help support the magistrates or judges in this matter as it is also their responsibility to help provide courts with relevant information as to the best suitable course of action to take. This would normally take place after a number of consultations, observations or a combination of both with the childs parents. This responsibility could also be delegated by CAFCAS to other organizations such as Pro Contact who act on behalf of CAFCAS and are obliged to follow strict codes of practice which revolve around all varieties of child protection legislations. This enables CAFCAS to pursue more pressing engagements in volving children who are more vulnerable to harm rather than using those resources for a family dispute over something such as access to a child. Finally, The Children Act 1989 also recommends that in the best interest of the child concerned the court should where applicable not delay in the hearing of a case surrounding the welfare of the child. It, furthermore, goes to suggest that any form of delay could have detrimental effects typical of a long and drawn out dispute. Although the court is responsible for the schedule of the hearing, it does, however, give the judge or magistrate if needed (and beneficial to the welfare of the child) the power to prolong any hearing it deems fit. The above is an example of one countys interpretation of The Children Act 1989. Within the UK the legislation itself is full policies for bettering the welfare of at risk children. It, in addition, gives clear guidelines for authorities and agencies to adhere that are involved in any such case of a susceptible child. It should also be made clear that the agency CAFCA workers, mentioned above, are formally trained in social work and/or probation services. (http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/CaringForSomeone/CaringForADisabledChild/DG_10027594, The Adoption and Children Act 2002 was brought into effect in 2005. It was brought in to replace the Adoption Act 1976 and Children Act 1989 the new Act enabled people who we previously excluded from adopting a child through the likes of sexuality and smokers along with other such things which could pose a risk to a childs health or wellbeing. The courts and other agencies (the likes of social workers for instance) deemed these examples to be improper and unhealthy for the child to be surrounded by, so a no blanket ban clause within the legislation made adoption accessible to all. With this new no blanket policy also made way for another key feature which was to banish selection by area (also known as the postcode lottery) this meant that people from less affluent backgrounds were now eligible to adopt and not just the more wealthier people who would have been one of the main criteria for adoptions as this gave for a better living for a child who previously had nothing. Another feature within this Act whereby a special guardianship law was put into place allowed children to stay in contact with their birth parents, this feature of the legislation is conducted with social workers present and allows for close monitoring of relationships between parents and children, the outcome of these visits would be drawn up in a report and regular assessments would be carried out to check suitability of re-introducing the child back with their birth parents on a permanent basis. The assessments carried out on both the parents who may have had a history of drug or alcohol abuse and child who may have become troublesome because of this environment in which they were living in is essential to ensure that a suitable and caring environment can be sustained allowing the child to grow with the love and care in which every child should be accustomed to. Whilst the child is apart from their maternal parents the child would stay housed with either, foster carers or within c are institutions. It is also the duty of the social worker to provide the foster parents with the support they need to ensure the childs welfare and education is met and kept at a suitable standard. Suitability of a child to perspective adoptive parents has long been an issue as some children, especially those forced to move, tend to rebel against the authorities decision to re-house them. They do this by showing disregard to the temporary carers and in extreme cases by running away from home or possibly stealing and involving the police. To some new foster parents some of these situations can be unbearable and require that the child is removed and re-housed elsewhere this, would be especially true if the foster parents have children of their own and see the bad influence this child may have upon their own children. If this was to be the case then it is the duty of the social worker to put a plan into action to rectify the issue, and also as previously mentioned if the police were to be involved it would be the social worker that would deal with these issues liaising with the police and the courts to find a resolution that would best serve the child. This more information policy within the legislation attempts to put an end to these kinds of events from happening and it is considered to be one of the most important parts of the legislation as a suitable pairing of both adoptive parents and child can only best serve and aid the child in the future. (http://www.courtroomadvice.co.uk/adoption-children-act-2002-overview.html)

The Importance of the Role of the Teacher Essay -- Education Teaching

The Importance of the Role of the Teacher The future of the world is in the hands of the children. Whether the future be a positive or negative one depends on the children and the education they receive. The education of a child is so valuable that one needs to consider the importance of the child's education. Also, one needs to consider how to go about nurturing those bright minds so one day they can become independent individuals. As Educators, one needs to be aware of the short-term effects as well as the long-term effects in which education may play on the child's views of the world. In order to be able to provide a good education to a child, it is necessary for there to be a place in which both the educator and student can meet in equal terms. In order for this to occur there has to be a bond between the teacher and student. Without this bond it is impossible for both parties to set goals, work out those goals together and finally accomplish them. A sense of understanding between both the teacher and student is imperative. A point where both parties meet and are aware of the responsibilities each one has to each other. Both the teacher and student need to be aware of each other's roles and how important those roles play in the achievement of the educator and student. For example, the teacher serves as the provider of information, as well as the one that holds the power in a class. "They hold the grades, and usually students perceive them as holding the knowledge, too" (Zawodniak 124). The way teachers use this power defines the perspective of their pedagogy, the teacher's perspective of the art of teaching. The approach the teacher takes and how much knowledge she would like to deliver to the class depends on th... ... free to speak their mind without being intimidated of the teacher. Once students feel free to speak their mind, they will grow mentally, physically and emotionally, eventually becoming an individual who has learned from the teacher to respect and value knowledge. By working together teachers and students will "achieve a pedagogy that is truly student-centered" (Zawodniak 131), a relationship that is open, honest, and has one goal in mind: that education is the future, and our students hold that future. The power of the future is knowledge, respect it and value it. Works Cited: Cheney,Lynne V. "PC: Alive and Entrenched." The Presence of Others. T Second ed. New York: St. Martin,1997. Zawodniak, christian. "I'll Have to Help Some of You More Than I Wan t>To":Teacher Power, student Pedagogy." The presence of Others. Second ded. New York: St. Martin, 1997.

The Mind and Body Connection in Psychology :: essays research papers

When we think of the mind and the body psychologist and historians have provided theories that correlate these two ideas and their functions that make us humans. Without the mind our body cannot fulfill its purposes and without the body our mind is left useless. These two branches influence each other and can cause different chains of reaction to erupt in our mental world [mind] and our physical world [body]. There are relationships between what we experience, (such as thoughts and feelings) and what our biological processes are (such as activity in the nervous system), (Morris, 2005). The link between the mind-body is that they are not separate entities, rather they are intricately connected, interacting with each other to function properly. The five basic issues that psychologist have associated the mind-body with are biological psych (dealing with the nervous system and its function), sensation/perception, consciousness, motivation/emotion, and clinical psych (dealing with disor ders/therapy). These five issues are an uprising principle that relates how the mind-body interacts. In biological psychology we discuss the scientific study of mental processes and behavior, coinciding with the performance of some cognitive activity. In sensation and perception, ?sensation refers to the process of sensing our environment through touch, taste, sight, sound, and smell. This information is sent to our brains in raw form where perception comes into play. Perception is the way we interpret these sensations and therefore make sense of everything around us.? In terms of consciousness we associate that with the state of being awake and aware of what?s going on around you. This is also a quality of the mind which attributes to our attentiveness. When dealing with motivation and emotion, psychologist has defined motivation as the initiation, direction, intensity and persistence of behavior, which has a temporal and dynamic state non-related to one?s personality or behavior. Emotion is w hat is described as ?an intense mental state that arises autonomically in the nervous system rather than through conscious effort.? It can evoke a negative or positive response which will correlate in the way we behave. Clinical psychology deals with researching and treating psychological distress, dysfunction or disorder. Psychologists who are focused in this field treat more severe disorders, such as phobias, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. (Rishel, 2000) The nervous system is our ?body's information gatherer, storage center and control system.? It collects information about the external conditions in relation to the body's internal state, to analyze this information, and to initiate appropriate responses to satisfy certain needs (Maintain Homeostasis).

Organizational Culture and Innovation Essay

Organizational culture is very important in the pursuit of innovation, which is the major source of competitive advantage in the world today. Organizational culture is central to a company’s pursuit of innovation because it refers to the beliefs, values, attitudes, tradition and overall practices within and without an organization (Hill & Jones, 2001). If the culture of the organization permits creative thinking and entrepreneurship, then innovation can certainly flourish. If the organizational culture, however, is very strict and adheres too much to its cherished traditions, routines and way of doing things, then innovation may be stifled and the organization will just rely on what has been tried and tested before. Such culture of adherence to past successes and ways of doing things will be inimical to the performance of the organization in the long run. As new factors, trends and issues in the market appear, the organization should continue to innovate and seek for ways to deliver better products and services that their clients will patronize. An innovative organization will always learn how to make best use of trends and emerging factors in its environment. There are several elements of organizational culture that can either encourage or hinder the pursuit of innovation (Johnson, 1988). The paradigm or the statement of vision and mission of the organization defines what it is all about and from there all activities in the organization are derived. There are also processes, structures and policies in place in the organization. These formal structures can enable innovation in the organization if it is not stringent and strict enough to stifle innovations. The power structures and the character of decision makers can encourage innovation. If there is openness in the leadership, this will trickle down to the grassroots level of the organization and will provide a rich backdrop where innovation can be cultivated. On the other hand, a leadership that puts a premium on seniority and too much authority fosters an adherence to established rules of conduct within the organization. In such a case, the pursuit of innovation may even be looked down as an act of insubordination. The symbols valued by the organization are also important in stimulating innovation and change. Is change and innovation valued in the organization? Are efforts to this end recognized and valued? This is also further exemplified by the rituals and routines in the organization. As innovation becomes praised and recognized throughout the organization, the members of the organization will be motivated to pursue innovation. As the formal structures encourage and praise innovation, so will it extend to the informal stories and myths of the organization. This way, ordinary employees and people at the bottom level of the organizational hierarchy will talk about the importance of innovation in the organization. Organizational culture can work for the pursuit of innovation in any given company or corporation. Organizations should deliberately work for the integration of innovation awareness in all levels. When this happens, the organization will become entrepreneurial, always looking out for means to improve and excel on their chosen niche in the market. With innovation, the organization can continue with its usual activities and it can even expand its operations to other areas where it can perform best. An organizational culture that fosters innovation is a must in this highly competitive world.

What Is the Bayeux Tapestry?

The Bayeux Tapestry What is it? A band of white linen 70m long and 49. 5cm wide, embroidered with yarn, that depicts the events that led to William of Normandy’s conquest of England and his victory at the Battle of Hastings. What was the Battle of Hastings? A battle fought in south Sussex in October 1066 that determined the successful outcome of the invasion. Harold, then-new King of England, had legitimately succeeded King Edward the Confessor, but William felt the crown was rightfully his because of promises made to him by both Edward and Harold. AuthenticityThis has never been questioned – * Style is consistent with other 11th-century Anglo-Saxon needlework * First referred to in 1476 – displayed once a year at Bayeux cathedral * Halley’s comet appears; astronomers have confirmed this. This detail would not have been known by someone who was not closely connected to the event. Origin (Commission and Creation) Bishop Odo, by general consensus, for the fo llowing reasons: 1. His inclusion in scenes in which he may be considered dispensable 2. The tapestry’s close association with Bayeux cathedral, his ecclesiastical seat. 3.Three minor Norman knights, recorded in the Doomsday book as holding Kentish land from him, are named General consensus is that it was manufactured in England. Evidence for this includes: 1. Stylistic similarity with other Anglo-Saxon art 2. International reputation of English needlework at the time 3. Influence of English language – written in Latin with English syntax; English folk names appear, eg. ?lfgyva Age Potentially 946 years old. Was made between 1067 and 1082 if Bishop Odo was the commissioner – he fell out of favour with William in 1083. Bias It is generally agreed that there is a strong Norman bias.The evidence for this includes: 1. The small amount of attention paid to Edward’s legitimising of Harold and death 2. That a common alternative title, William the Bastard, is nev er used or referred to The attempted justification of the campaign – William is portrayed as reclaiming what was rightfully his and Harold as an untrustworthy oath-breaker, in spite of the strong English case for his kingship, the arguments for which include: a. That King Edward wished him to be successor and legitimately passed it on b. That Harold was a wise, experienced governor c.That William had no claim by descent to the throne It is difficult to determine exactly what has been changed or omitted as empirically-written information is non-existant and the single existing closely-dated English account, The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, is brief. The only other source that mentions the main contentious point, Harold’s oath, is Norman (Deeds of Duke William, William Poitier). Value to Historians The tapestry provides tremendously important and interesting information to historians about significant Norman characters, their motives and a colourful narrative of an extremely i mportant battle.It is, however, demonstrative of the problem of history-fixing by the victorious side in a controversy. William would have had any unfavourable accounts destroyed had the minority of literate English had the courage to create them. Hence, historians are forced to accept that their only major sources are biased to an unknown degree and compare them with the few facts from other primary sources, eg. dates from gravestones, to develop a somewhat empirical account. References Stenton, Frank. The Bayeux Tapestry. London: Phaidon Press, 1965. Print. 25 Mar. 2013. â€Å"Edward. † Encyclop? dia Britannica.Encyclop? dia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Encyclop? dia Britannica Inc. , 2013. Web. 25 Mar. 2013. . BBC. â€Å"The Battle of Hastings 1066. † Online video clip. Youtube. Youtube, 3 April 2010. Web. 25 Mar. 2013. â€Å"The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. † The Bayeux Tapestry: A Guide. n. p, n. d. Web, 25 Mar. 2013. â€Å"William I. † Encyclop? di a Britannica. Encyclop? dia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Encyclop? dia Britannica Inc. , 2013. Web. 27 Mar. 2013. . â€Å"Harold II. † Encyclop? dia Britannica. Encyclop? dia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Encyclop? dia Britannica Inc. , 2013. Web. 27 Mar. 2013. .

The History of Bradford

Bradford began as a minute village but at the turn of the 19thcentury the population increased at a rapid rate, this lead to death rates to augment which meant that a cemetery was urgently needed. Time took its toll and life in Bradford became worse and by 1854 the Undercliffe Cemetery was created. This cemetery contains such facets that are very idiosyncratic and display Victorian life in a unique way. The main focus of this paper will be on the different features of the site and how they support and contradict the Victorian values and attitudes, along with my research I will also be extracting evidence from the burial ground and analysing both primary and secondary sources in order to find out how the site has interpreted and shown the Victorian attributes Value 1: Social Status For those in the upper classes of society etiquette was an essential way of living, Victorian society was prominently concerned about every aspect of their life. From the moment the upper-class left their beds their day was ruled over by many do’s and don’ts. Victorian society although may have been strict on an array of rules, it could also be quite pleasant but only depending on your financial status. The cemetery itself supports the idea of the high class holding onto their social position for example in site 4 the Illingworth mausoleum portrays many characteristics such as the tomb itself being built inside with lavish marble in order to keep the bodies cool and the sphinx guarding the tomb gives the impression that they were in some cases showing off that they had travelled to a foreign country. This mausoleum in particular is a great feature of the cemetery that represents how important social status was to the Victorians this is because the tomb itself contains such descriptive detail that evidently shows the Illingworth’s were beginning to show their status in society. Their grave appears to show their importance and wealth due to its intricate design and detail such as the sphinx. This evidence of the illingworth’s mausoleum is a pure example of how the cemetery contains a feature which supports the Victorian values and attitudes regarding the social status of the upper class Victorians. While gathering my evidence of the Victorian value’s I came across a source in form of an image that in some aspects supports as well as contradicts the way the cemetery has portrayed social status and social class. A painting by J. Ritchie which was produced in 1858 that goes by the name of ‘A summer’s day in Hyde Park’ contains various activities that can be seen and amidst them various people that portray different classes in 19th century society. Although this source was written four years after the cemetery was created it provides illustrative substantiation that the affluent citizens wanted to stand out therefore they are painted with a white colour bringing out their importance whereas the workers and servants are daubed with a dull colour which shows how they were kept in the dark and were not to be seen. Along with the rich being highlighted the image brings out some metaphorical evidence which can be seen within Undercliffe Cemetery, in the painting the upper class are placed in the centre of the image this idea supports the cemetery because the rich are in fact the most dominant and are placed within the centre of the burial ground to show their importance. Social status was a very important value that the Victorians held onto it was their way of expressing who they were, the cemetery’s features can in fact support the idea of social status being one of the main features that are thoroughly explained, this source in particular has added to my understanding that this burial ground is in fact categorised and certain sites within the cemetery were only for certain classes. My own research on the source and on social status gives the impression that the cemetery supports the indication of Victorian society being very cautious on their title and position. Value 2: Family Values Although position in society was of importance to Victorians they also had another value which can be seen throughout the cemetery this was their family. There were many rules regarding the family which would consist of the father being the head of the house and he was always to be obeyed. In public, children were expected to be seen and not heard. At Undercliffe Cemetery I observed a tomb located in site 3 which belonged to The Behrens family, they had decided to include everybody’s name that was in their family implying that they were all buried together. This grave brings out a feature of the cemetery that supports that family values were an important element in the Victorian life. It also provides evidence that this value was seen as some importance due to the way it was shown in the cemetery. The family during the 19th century was very similar between the Upper and middle class but also differed in many ways. Each member of the family had its own place and children were taught ‘to know their place’ Most days the middle and upper class children saw very little of their parents. The children would spend most of their time in the nursery and would be brought up by their nanny. This information helps me understand insight into a child’s life from an opulent background it shows how the family values in Victorian times were very stringent and the cemetery doesn’t give any evidence of the luxurious wealthy having this sort of background it only shows the extravagance of the graves and this enquiry on the actual rules on family etiquette was something no outsider was expected to know about. Although family values did appear to be harsh a very well-known British painter named William Powell Frith did a very good depiction of how important family was to the average Victorian family. His painting which was produced in 1856 and is named ‘many happy returns of the day’ suggests that Frith’s personal life was happy and yet secretive. It shows that although the household was important to the man of the house this didn’t deter him away from the Victorian hypocrisy. This interpretation of Victorian hypocrisy can be seen in the corner of the painting near the man himself he is seen sat next to another mistress with children from him, this suggests that family values obviously couldn’t have been as important to the husband as he may have made them out to be and scandals such as these were something that should have been avoided at all costs. This exact source regarding values of family in various ways contradicts what the cemetery is trying to display. The source has given me a different sort of understanding that the cemetery doesn’t provide although the burial ground shows one grave with family values it’s the source that shows the true life of Victorians whereas Undercliffe cemetery has a feature that although stands out it doesn’t 100% give accurate evidence of the importance of family values to Victorians. Value 3: Paternalism Many husbands in the Victorian epoch were considered to be paternalists they believed that they were the men of the house and women were seen as inferior ones. This notion of men being the dominant can clearly be seen at the cemetery and it therefore makes it a very distinctive feature. While studying the memorial park I came across two graves in particular one which supported the Victorian value in respects to paternalism but another which totally controverted paternalism. These two people were in fact located on the main avenue in site 3. Firstly Robert Milligan who was a merchant and had been the MP of Bradford had a grave which was mostly dedicated to him and a small memoir regarding his wife, not only did this reveal vanity it also showed how he believed he was the man in charge and how mediocre his wife was compared to him. On the other hand a middle class man who owns the tallest pedestal within the cemetery had decided to put his wife first his name is in fact William Sharp. He was not a paternalist but in fact quite the opposite. Paternalism was a value within the Victorian times that every man governed over, the cemetery corroborates that paternalism was in fact a facet that helps one understand where men were within society. In a more general format the cemetery’s main feature shows that paternalism was the most dominant element of the Victorian life due to the various graves that begin with the husbands or fathers name first. Another source which was observed at the cemetery itself was William sharps grave it gainsays the cemetery as being paternalist as he decided to put his wifes name first. This displays a man who had gone against some ways of how a Victorian had lived, firstly he wasn’t an upper class gentlemen yet he is the one who worked his way to the top. This grave helps me apprehend that not everybody followed all the rules in the Victorian times some people wanted to work in order to be in a higher position in life and didn’t want to feel like they were supposed to be a certain way In order to fit in. Even though being the man in charge, William sharp felt that his wife had the same equal rights as him and that even if he was dominant she was his wife and he loved her. In order to show his affection he may have decided to place her name before his. Paternalism does stand out well in the cemetery and William Sharps grave does indeed provide evidence that some Victorians in terms of paternalism shouldn’t be generalised as not all men believed to be the most dominant in the house. Value 4: Role of Women While studying the site at Undercliffe Cemetery another Victorian value which I believe is a feature of the cemetery that stands out is the role of women, the site shows me that women were considered to be nothing but an ornament for one to admire, the many graves that were at the cemetery began with the husbands name this interpreted that women were seen as sub-standard compared to the males. I researched further into what life was like for genuine Victorian woman and the rights were very appalling. To begin with women weren’t given any suffrage rights, they weren’t given any rights to own property and education for them wasn’t considered important as long as they could get a husband. This Victorian value helps me understand that life for Victorian women was quite limited they were only allowed to do certain things and were considered to be feminine and courteous. An extract from Mrs Beetons book which talks about household management and reinforces the role of women and how they should set a timetable for every aspect of their daily life. She begins by saying ‘As the commander of an army, or the leader of any enterprise, so it is with the mistress of a house’ This woman is trying to explain that although women aren’t superior they still have the command over the house and its their duty to make sure everything is in order. This source helps me understand that during the Victorian times the woman was supposed to keep herself busy and at the same time avoid doing chores or getting involved in business, finance or even politics they were allowed to have social gatherings and plan parties but they weren’t allowed to venture into the world of work. The cemetery shows that women were inferior but it doesn’t give any more information of what women went through during the Victorian times therefore it in some ways supports the cemetery. This value in the Victorian era helps me understand through both the sources and my own research that women did not receive any equality and to some extent the cemetery supports this evidence. In conclusion to all of the above Victorian values in which I have studied I can say that there are many features of Undercliffe Cemetery that support the attributes and many sources that were from that period of time that support and also contradict evidence seen at the cemetery. In my opinion I believe that although the burial ground’s features display Victorian attitudes and values to some extent they are quite inaccurate as they don’t give the full information as the true insight into the Victorian life. Therefore I believe that my own study of the sources and research has helped me understand the features of the cemetery that stand out.

Maus and Life is Beautiful

The Nazis came to power In January of 1933. They believed that Germans were racially superior and that the Jews were inferior threats to their community. The Holocaust is a tragic event and has been portrayed in many books and movies as that but there are two particular tales of the Holocaust that illustrate it differently.Mass is graphic novel writ ten by Art Spiegel and Life Is Beautiful is a comedy drama directed and Roberto Benign who o is also the mall character, Guide Orifice. Both of them depict the horrors of the Holocaust t wrought the eyes of resellers characters. Mass Is a story of the memories of Bladed Spangle. He Is a Polish Jew who survive d the Holocaust and is being interviewed by his son Art Spiegel who want to write a book about his father's experience.Life Is Beautiful is a 1997 academy award winning film t hat took place in sass's Italy. Guide Orifice is an Italian Jewish bookshop owner who uses his imagination to protect his son Joshua from the horrific reality of the Holocaust concentration camps. In the story Mass Bladed Is a dashing young man, Goodling, ambitious, Intelligent and resourceful. When the Germans Invade Poland conditions worsen for the Jews an Bladed Is forced to move from his role as a successful businessman to a resourceful skilled I borer in the concentration camps.While others suffer, he is a voice of hope. When Bladed air eves in Auschwitz he is constantly looking for opportunities to use his skills for better treats .NET for himself and for his wife, Ninja. He finds a way to be thrifty and save what he is given . Bladed is the one, for example, who convinces Ninja to keep living when she wants to kill herself when she find out that her son, Rolls, has died. â€Å"To die Is easy,† he says, â€Å"But you have to strung lee for life† (Book 1 Chap 5 22).

Basic Rhetorical Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Basic Rhetorical Analysis - Assignment Example There are applications for the citizens in paying energy bills available on the Internet, and at the local county office. Addresses Certain Users Someone needs only fills in the application with honest answers. If someone does not speak English, and requires assistance filling in the application there is someone at the local county office who is available to assist someone in filling in the application. There are directions available at the back of the application explaining some of the definitions, and offer’s assistance to anyone who is in need of it. The certain users the application addresses are low income families who are in need of assistance with energy bills. There is a large X at the bottom of the application for someone to sign, and the usability of the application was made for anyone who speaks English, and if someone needs assistance there is someone at the local county office who is available to offer assistance. Help readers solve problems If readers are filling in the application over the Internet, some readers need only fills in the highlighted areas of the application. If a reader is in doubt of what information needs to be put in the application readers need only to address this issue by reading the definitions, and explanations that accompany the question.

Workers compensation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Workers compensation - Research Paper Example The wordings alone â€Å"workers compensation† have a lot to showcase a reaction that is usually negative. The negativity in it is a challenge to all stakeholders involved in the system. Insurance is involved, and as understood, it is also a business entity. The company as well is another business entity. Furthermore, the worker wants to gain from the company. It is therefore an interesting situation on how all these stakeholders play part in achieving a balanced interest that would act for the benefit of all. Challenges cannot be ruled out since this is a society of politics, but all in all, the worker has to receive his fair share of compensation. Workers compensation is a program that protects workers who are injured while on duty. The program comprises of laws that are designed to ensure that employees who are injured or get disabled while working are compensated with fixed monetary awards. The laws also provide benefits to the dependents of those who get injured as a result of work related accidents. Compensation has been defined as the payment of damages with an aim of restoring the life of a plaintiff to its normal state or as close as possible. Therefore, it has to include cover for the payment of damages, payment for medical treatment, and loss of wages (Lencsis, 1998). Workers compensation revolves around the fact that the employer pays for all injuries to employees no matter the fault. As suggested by Wertz and Bryant, â€Å"this concept is based on the opinion that the society has a moral responsibility to care for workers injured at work and their families† (2000, p. 2). Before the introduction of the workers compensation plan, workers suffering from work related injuries could sue their employers through the courts of law. This procedure was time consuming and expensive. The employees could also easily loose the court cases since

How spiritual and religious guides can influence the pursuit of Essay

How spiritual and religious guides can influence the pursuit of happiness - Essay Example Despite scholars presenting different definitions and causes of happiness, it is evident that the religious and spiritual perspective carries the weight towards achievement of happiness while compared to other major factors like wealth (Quinn,  2014). That has as a result made various individuals to attach spiritual and religious connotations to happiness. As such, how spiritual and religious guides can influence a person’s pursuit of happiness.The thesis of the paper seeks to outline different measures that can be implemented in order to achieve happiness.Although there is no universal definition of happiness, it can be seen that spiritual and religious guidescanconnected to spirituality. Many people struggle to search for happiness and there are many connotations attached to this concept particularly the aspect of spirituality. Individuals constantly sought for economic gains to satisfy their happiness and despite the level of economic power, happiness seems to evade these people. That serves as a clear identification that achievement of happiness is far beyond the economic strength of an individual. It results from the fact that happiness fails to possess an economic value (Borchard,  2011). There are some religious people who believe that only eternal spiritual happiness is possible after death. However, despite such believe that real happiness will result upon death; these believers live a religious and spiritual life on earth that translate to happiness before death strikes. The reason behind achieving happiness during their lifetime is attributed to the conception that real happiness lies on the wait. Some individuals have identified India as a potential sour ce of happiness. Although India has numerous negative traits associated with the rapid rate of industrialization, high population, and the lack of proper waste management, it remains a center for finding happiness.Apart from

Modern History of Japan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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Nursing Research Article Review Worksheet Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nursing Article Review Worksheet - Research Paper Example Moreover, will music therapy to able to display the same ameliorating effects as it has done for other patients dealing with pain management? As music therapy has had a demonstrable effect in lessening the pain of many patients that suffer from other forms of disease, it is the goal of the research to determine if the same can be said for those patients who are suffering from breast cancer. The theoretical framework hinges upon the fact that music therapy has been demonstrably proven to reduce the prevalence of pain within other patients. As such, the researchers are acutely interested to see if such a theoretical framework can extend to their research group/question. In this way although the research questions are of a relatively complex nature, the theoretical framework within which the research is housed is quite simple. The article itself is highly quantitative as it seeks to understand the total benefits that music therapy will affect on the cancer patients through determinate and metricized system of quantifiable measurements. Furthermore, the consecutive and logical grouping of the data helps the analyst not only to quickly recognize the piece’s overall quantitative merit but also to rapidly draw inference from the numbers and statistics

Master of Science in Integrated Marketing - Statement of Purpose Personal

Master of Science in Integrated Marketing - of Purpose - Personal Statement Example The limited experience I have gained as a marketer has shown me that I belong to the profession. I find it exciting, fulfilling, and challenging; therefore, a graduate degree in the discipline occurs to me almost by default. As an aspiring marketer, I have taken the initiative to be more competitive and marketable so long as I still seek personal and professional contentment. Marketing is one of the oldest aspects of modern business, and the opportunities are endless. Marketing is also one of the most lucrative professions, but I am aware that higher perks are commensurate with academic and professional competence. I am quite ambitious and driven individual, and I would not like to see other marketers grow while I struggle with my undergraduate degree. During my time as an intern, I witnessed the power of academic qualifications at play. In all the organizations I worked the managers held graduate degrees in their areas of specialization. The marketing managers possessed either a great deal of professional experience or had advanced certifications in marketing. This showed me that my growth as a marketer depends on how excellently I position myself. I have learned that professional growth resembles marketing in many ways. Like the products I market, I have to reinvent myself, excellently position myself, become visible, and prove that I am the best option available. The graduate degree in marketing is part of my positioning statement, marketing pitch, and competitive advantage. I am positive that by the time I complete the program I will be strategically positioned to exploit the opportunities and benefits created by my advanced degree. Marketing has become more competitive over time, and employers have also revised their strategies of hiring and recruiting marketing practitioners (Baaghil 25). Professional qualifications are no longer the main requirement for excelling in the field of